Старое

потребовался пакет dirmngr

java8

> echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu xenial main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webupd8team-java.list
> echo "deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu xenial main" | tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webupd8team-java.list
> apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys EEA14886
> apt-get update
> apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

если через proxy, то добавить опцию

--keyserver-options http-proxy="http://your_proxy_server:port"

java11
Cпособ 1
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-java-with-apt-on-debian-10
https://www.8host.com/blog/ustanovka-java-s-pomoshhyu-apt-v-debian-10/
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk13-downloads-5672538.html - отсюда скачать

Cпособ 2
https://tecadmin.net/install-oracle-java-on-debian-10-buster/

dpkg -i jdk-13.0.1_linux-x64_bin.deb

update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java  /usr/lib/jvm/jdk-13.0.1/bin/java 2
update-alternatives --config java

export J2SDKDIR=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-13.0.1
export J2REDIR=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-13.0.1
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-13.0.1/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-13.0.1/db/bin
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-13.0.1
export DERBY_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-13.0.1/db

file /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh

export J2SDKDIR=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-13.0.1
export J2REDIR=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-13.0.1
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-13.0.1/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-13.0.1/db/bin
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-13.0.1
export DERBY_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-13.0.1/db

> source /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh