$ dmesg
....
[    4.950114] i915 0000:00:02.0: firmware: failed to load i915/skl_dmc_ver1_27.bin (-2)\\
[    4.950118] firmware_class: See https://wiki.debian.org/Firmware for information about missing firmware
....

$ sudo apt install firmware-misc-nonfree

$ dmesg
....
[    0.032301] [Firmware Bug]: TSC_DEADLINE disabled due to Errata; please update microcode to version: 0xb2 (or later)
....

$ sudo apt install intel-microcode

$ dmesg
....
[   10.901814] r8169 0000:03:00.0: firmware: failed to load rtl_nic/rtl8168e-3.fw (-2)
[   10.901863] firmware_class: See https://wiki.debian.org/Firmware for information about missing firmware
[   10.901910] r8169 0000:03:00.0: Direct firmware load for rtl_nic/rtl8168e-3.fw failed with error -2
[   10.901913] r8169 0000:03:00.0 enp3s0: unable to load firmware patch rtl_nic/rtl8168e-3.fw (-2)
[   10.902114] RTL8211E Gigabit Ethernet r8169-300:00: attached PHY driver [RTL8211E Gigabit Ethernet] (mii_bus:phy_addr=r8169-300:00, irq=IGNORE)
....

$ sudo apt install firmware-realtek

для 11 debian установить пакет r8168-dkms

$ dmesg
....
[   43.980736] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: firmware: failed to load nouveau/nvc1_fuc084 (-2)
[   43.980741] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for nouveau/nvc1_fuc084 failed with error -2
....

https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/VideoAcceleration.html

$ mkdir /tmp/nouveau
$ cd /tmp/nouveau
$ wget https://raw.github.com/envytools/firmware/master/extract_firmware.py
$ wget http://us.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86/325.15/NVIDIA-Linux-x86-325.15.run
$ sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-325.15.run --extract-only
$ python2 extract_firmware.py # this script is for python 2 only
# mkdir /lib/firmware/nouveau
# cp -d nv* vuc-* /lib/firmware/nouveau/

Если память не ECC, то будет такие варнинги, нужно заблокировать модуль amd64_edac_mod.

$ dmesg
....
[    6.516505] EDAC amd64: Node 0: DRAM ECC disabled.
[    6.516507] EDAC amd64: ECC disabled in the BIOS or no ECC capability, module will not load.
                Either enable ECC checking or force module loading by setting 'ecc_enable_override'.
                (Note that use of the override may cause unknown side effects.)
....

$ echo «blacklist amd64_edac_mod» » /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Не определяются устройства в usb2.0
mb: Gigabyte GA-970A-DS3P

xHCI Handoff - включена
eHIC Handoff - включена
Контроллер IOMMU - включен

gdub добавить параметр iommu=soft